One
of the media or the interfaces contained in the proxy and is used to
connect one network device to another of them is wireless, there are
several wireless modes are used in accordance with its function, whether
it wishes functioned as an access point (transmitter) or functioned as a
station (receiver), we need to know also that not all modes can be used
in the wireless bridge network because not all wireless mode support
with L2 bridging primarily as a mode wireless station (receiver)
1. Alignment Mode Only
Alignment mode only, commonly used to help when the indicator pointing
to the beeper / buzzer on RouterBoard, for example, we could add a
script where when getting a good signal then the beeper will sound.
2. Modes AP-Bridge
AP-bridge mode used as an access point or transmitter that can serve
multiple clients or also called PTMP (Point To Multi Point), we can use
this mode for network routing or bridging nature. To use the AP-Bridge mode RouterBOARD devices must have a minimum level 4 license.
3. Modes Bridge
Bridge mode is used as an access point or transmitter but could only
serve one client or also called PTP (Point To Point), this mode also we
can use to network routing or bridging nature.
To use this mode RouterBOARD device has at least a level 3 license, for
example for the type of product types SXT-Embedded 5.xGHz 5HnD that
only licensed level 3, we can make a point to point connection using 2
pieces of the device.
4. Nstreme dual mode slave
Basically working mechanisms on the wireless interface is half duplex,
but by using this mode we can enable full duplex mechanism of action,
this mode is a proprietary wireless in the proxy, of course, we also
need a second wireless card and 2 antennas at each wireless router
mikrotik
5. Modes Station
Wireless Mode This station is used as a wireless client / receiver
topology PTP (Point To Point) or PTMP (Point To Multi Point), the
wireless station mode can only be used to shape the nature of network
routing, so this mode is one of the effective mode and fuel-efficient if
the wireless client side / station is not required bridging
6. Modes Station-Bridge
Station-Bridge mode is a mode on the wireless interface that serves as a
receiver / client and support for the bridge network, needs to know
that for this mode can only be used if it Mikrotik AP device as well.
7. Modes Station-Psudobridge
Fashion Station-pseudobridge Modes Station is a development of the
standard, the same make as the wireless receiver / client, the
difference is in Fashion Station-pseudobridge support to create a
network that nature Bridge Network, In the use of this mode where there
are consequences for not bridging the L2 can be done in full, in terms
mac-address of a device that is under the wireless device (PC end user)
is not legible on the side of the Access Point.
8. Modes Station-Pesudobridge-Clone
Fashion Station-pseudobridge-Clone Mode is similar to
Station-pseudobridge difference is in this mode can clone the
mac-address, usually on a wireless link, which is read on the access
point is the mac-address of the wireless client interface, but if using
Fashion Station-readable Pesudobridge-Clone is the mac-address of the
device connected to the station (end user), readable by default which is
the mac-address in the header of the first frame in the forward, or can
be specified on the "station-bridge-clone- mac "
9. Fashion Station-WDS
Station-WDS mode serves as a receiver / client of a protocol to enable
Access Point WDS, WDS protocol deficiency is a decrease wireless
throughput of up to 50%, please note that between one vendor with
another vendor WDS function is not necessarily compatible, as well as
with WDS the proxy.
10. WDS-Slave Mode
WDS-Slave mode serves as a transmitter (Access Point) as well as the
receiver (Station) or also called repeaters, this mode is one solution
if you want to build a repeater but owned devices only use 1 card
wireless card.
In
this article we will discuss how to use the applications provided by
Mikrotik.com to calculate the signal from the wireless capabilities that
we use is based on its specification.
In addition, we discuss the application to take into account the
altitude of the tower that we need if going to build a wireless link.
The first application, the posibility Link Calculator, you can open the following page http://www.mikrotik.co.id/test_link.php
Before we start using these, of course, we already know or at least
have a hope of how the distance between wireless devices that we are
building, and how much data traffic will we spend in our wireless link. But have you ever read the datasheet of a wireless device?
If not, it's time you get used to reading the datasheet, why this is
important, because of the datasheet we can find out in detail the
specifications / capabilities of the wireless card will be used.
For Mikrotik wireless device, you can download the pdf datasheetnya on page www.routerboard.com
Let us try to count for example the case:
Will set up a wireless link to the District / County-Net as far as 3km,
with a throughput of 54Mbps halfduplex semaximal possible that using
the miniPCI R52 and Omni 15db antenna side of the AP. For client side we suppose to use the R52 miniPCI also with 15db grid antenna. Used jumper cables connecting using a wireless card with antenna cable LMR400 1M round. The wireless link will we wake up to a frequency of 2.4 GHz or 802.11b / g.
From R52 datasheet we can see that for the datarate of 54Mbps, the
tx-power the card uses R52 at 15dBm with minimal signal should we get
(rx-sensitivity) of-73dBm.
Staying we enter these values in the application, and calculated:
It turns out that we get -66 signal. In such applications Unreliable said. This means that although it may be connected but are approaching the lower limit value of rx-sensitivity. We need to anticipate if an interruption occurs that causes the signal decreased slightly, the connection can be disconnected. Safe side we should be able to get 10 - rx-sensitivity above 20db.
In the above case, the solution is usually to replace the miniPCI
device with tx-greater power, because with the larger reference
tx-power, the more distant wireless signal coverage. Let us recondition the case above, we replace the AP to use the card R2SHPN.
From the datasheet we can know, for 54mbps throughput, will use the
tx-power 29dBm (2x greater than R52) and rx-sensitivitynya -77
We re-count,
But the result is still "Unreliable". You see the difference signal is received on both sides.
Is one of the larger theory tx-power on the farther reach of our wireless signal? The theory is correct, but you have to remember that wireless communication was done in 2 directions. By replacing tx-power that the greater the AP side, just fix the signal from the AP to the station. But the signal from the station to the AP remains weak.
Why do not we return to the first case, the AP side still using R52, but we change from the use of the antenna. We use antenna fox
flat panel at 20db.
If the recalculated results become:
Reliable .. You notice the signal changes on both sides of what?
Antenna is an amplifier of your wireless signal either at the time of
your wireless cards emit a signal or receiving signals from the
opponent.
So in fact, from the above calculation, the wisest move if you have a
small signal constraints are replacing one one side of the first antenna
rather than wasting your time and the cost to replace the wireless card
that has a great power.
We proceed to the second application, the application for Antenna
Height Calculation, to help this application you can open the following
page http://www.mikrotik.co.id/test_tower.php
To calculate the height of the antenna malakukan trial, we can use the
previous case, namely for the frequency in use is 2412, the distance
between the wireless device to be connected is 3 km, and the average
barrier height is 10m.
Seen from the results in the calculation to get the recommended minimum antenna height is 17.9 meters.
If the height of the tower is used less, automatic fresnel zone area
(area of signal propagation) is blocked, can be implemented later
experienced problems but good signal passing data (throughput) can not
be maximal.
Of the two applications could be your first step before starting to build wireless infrastructure in your network. But keep in mind is the second application only theoretical calculations under normal conditions.
There are many external factors that can lead to not maximalnya our
wireless performance that can not be included in the calculation, such
as interference, weather, electromagnetic fields and so on.
Note:
1. Use of any series routerboard (RB4xx, RB8xx, RB7xx etc.) does not
affect the wireless range, but from the wireless card and antenna gain
to be used.
2. Familiarize read the datasheet for the device you will use, because
of the datasheet you can find out the details of the features of the
device capabilities.
Bandwidth Test Using Mikrotik
Besides
the main function of network management, Mikrotik Router also has a
tool that can be used to determine how much traffic can be passed on a
link or connection point.
Tool question is BTEST Server and Bandwidth Test. Can be accessed on the menu / tool.
Proxy will generate traffic that will then be sent to another device via a connection line. This process is commonly called the Bandwidth test. A process consists of a test Bandwidth Bandwidth Bandwidth test servers and test client.
All versions can be used as a RouterOS Mikrotik Bandwidth Test or Bandwidth test server client.
Here is an explanation for both the tool.
1. BTEST Server (/ tool BTEST server)
By default the proxy already contained Bandwidth Test Server and can be used. So enough with the default configuration can be done on the Router Mikrotik bandwidth test.
But we also can do the policy settings on the Mikrotik Bandwidth Test Server. This setting can be done in the menu / tool BTEST server. There are several parameters that can be used.
a. Enabled parameter (default: yes)
used to enable bandwidth test server on the router. If the position enabled = no (disable) or not checked (uncheck) it can not be done to test the bandwidth of the router.
b. Authenticate (default: yes)
As the regulator granting Bandwidth test for client authentication. Authenticate: yes
(check), to be able to do the bandwidth test, Bandwidth Test Client
must enter a username and password as the one used to perform remote
server config Router BTEST.
Authenticate: no (unchecked), Bandwidth Test Client does not need to enter your username and password to perform the bandwidth test.
c. Parameter Max session
Used to set limitations on how Max session / bandwidth connection test which took place simultaneously.
2. Bandwidth Test Tool (/ tool Bandwidth Test)
In addition to the bandwidth test server, Mikrotik Bandwidth can also be used as a test client. Mikrotik Bandwidth test as Client can be configured on the menu / tool bandwidth test
As a test client bandwidth setting can also be done with the existing parameters.
a. Test Parameters To
Used to designate the IP address of Router bandwidth test server.
b. Protocol
We can change the protocol to be used in a bandwidth test on the parameters of the protocol (TCP / UDP)
c. Direction
Used to specify the direction of traffic. There are 3 choices of direction of traffic to be generated
- upload (send)
- download (receive)
- uploading and downloading (both)
d. Local and remote tx tx speed speed
Used to determine the current transfer speed bandwidth test. Units bps (bits per second).
e. Username and password
Adjust the router settings Btestserver. If the router BTEST server authentication parameters: yes then enter the username and password you use for the remote router.
Now we are trying to do the bandwidth test. There is a network with a topology as follows. The main requirement of the bandwidth test server and the client previously had been able to communicate using IP Address.
BTEST Mikrotik Router on each server using the default settings.
We are trying to do bandwidth tests between MikroTik router with the following conditions:
IP Router Server = 192.168.5.215, tests using UDP protocol with the direction of traffic upload (send).
We try to skip traffic with data transfer rate of 10Mbps. Fill in the username and password as the BTEST Server.
If the value of Local and Remote tx speed is determined, then the
router will generate traffic with a maximum speed in accordance with the
value of the local and remote tx speed.
Whereas if the value is not specified then both routers will try to
generate traffic to limit the ability of the device or the maximum
traffic that can be passed on the connection path.
In addition to using Mikrotik Routers, Bandwidth test client could also
use a PC with the help of Mikrotik Btest.exe applications. This application can be used to make Windows-based PCs as client and server bandwidth test. Can be downloaded free of charge here .
As bandwidth test client, setting the Btest.exe almost the same as when using Mikrotik Router.
,
At the time of the bandwidth test, note the router that serves as BTEST Server on the menu / tool BTEST server session. It would appear that the information bandwidth test is in progress.
This is where the use of the parameter Max Session.
If in the example image max session = 2 then the number of sessions /
connections test bandwidth that can run concurrently only 2 connections.
If the test is usually bandwidth on the network that is running is done
with the help of a website, then the test tools bandwidth proxy can be
done with no internet connection.
Bandwidth test is also usually done in the construction of a wireless
link before it is used to handle the actual network traffic (real
traffic).
Setting
time (hour / day / month / year) on Mikrotik Router is absolutely
necessary when you are implementing some rules based on time parameters,
where the rule is configured to run at a certain time. For example scheduler.
Time discrepancy between Mikrotik Router with real circumstances, will result in the rule does not go according to needs.
In addition, recording log on the Router is also information at the
time the log was made, so it would be confusing readings if the
information does not match the time the real situation.
The timing on Mikrotik Router can be performed on the System> Clock. By default time on Mikrotik Router shows the date Jan/02/1970 0:00:00 hours. Should be an adjustment time on the Router.
In RouterBoard, manual settings on the System> Clock will return to the default settings when the router reboots. RouterBoard hardware is not designed to be able to perform its storage time as a computer case.
Alternatively, can use the service NTP (Network Time Protocol) which allows the router to synchronize time to other devices on the network.
Mikrotik can function as an NTP server and NTP client or his second simultaneously.
Mikrotik As an NTP Client
On Mikrotik RouterOS package system already has features SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) client that can be used to enable the router as an NTP client.
When lit, the Router will automatically synchronize the time on the NTP
server that is designated so that the timing will remain updated.
There are many NTP servers on the Internet that can be used. Example: id.pool.ntp.org, ntp.nasa.gov, etc.. Use mode = unicast.
There are only two modes in the SNTP Client, broadcast and unicast. For another mode (Multicast and Manycast) can use the NTP Client install package ntp.npk.
Looks SNTP Client has been successfully synchronize. After successful sync, not necessarily when the Router is correct. Checks on the System> Clock. You will notice that the date was appropriate but the hour is not yet. Adjust to set the Time Zone Name.
Mikrotik As an NTP Server
NTP Server on Mikrotik functions not found in the default package RouterOS, so it must be installed manually ntp.npk package.
With NTP Server function we could have a server in our network so that
other RouterBoard enough time searching for information on the local
network, no need to use the bandwidth for public access to the NTP
server on the internet.
NTP servers we can build on a hardware that can perform the storage time, ie the router.
We can determine the time dissemination methods, can use the Broadcast, Multicast or Manycast.
Here's an example of setting the NTP server to be heard on a network segment 192.168.30.0/24 IP Address.
Setting the NTP server using Broadcast deployment type, so that the NTP client must use the same mode in order to synchronize the time on the NTP server.
